"phosphotase" "dephosphorylates" "substrate"
"abundance" "is a property of" "GTPase-activating protein"
"abundance" "is a property of" "neurofibromin"
"Activation" "is associated with" "breast cancer cells"
"Agonists of gonadotropin-releasing hormone" "are" "therapeutic agent"
"Akt protein" "is a" "protein kinase"
"Akt protein" "when activated is" "Akt protein active"
"Akt protein active" "suppresses" "apoptosis"
"amphiregulin" "binds to" "amphiregulin receptor protein"
"amphiregulin protein" "participates in" "amphiregulin binding"
"amphiregulin protein" "binding activates" "signaling pathways"
"amphiregulin receptor protein" "is a" "growth factor receptor"
"Antiandrogens" "are" "therapeutic agent"
"Antiestrogens" "are" "therapeutic agent"
"apoptosis" "kills" "cancer cells"
"apoptosis" "is independent of loss of" "p53 protein"
"biological agents" "are developed more quickly than" "chemical agents"
"biological agents" "may be developed more quickly" "than chemical entities"
"BMS-214662" "belongs to" "FTIs"
"breast cancer cells" "are vulnerable to" "therapeutic antibodies"
"breast cancer cells" "may express" "HER-2 receptor"
"C225" "is a" "therapeutic agent"
"C225 + doxorubicin" "appears to destroy" "breast cancer cells"
"C225 + paclitaxel" "appears to destroy" "breast cancer cells"
"C225 + radiotherapy" "kills" "head cancer cells"
"C225 + radiotherapy" "kills" "neck cancer cells"
"C225 antibody" "is" "a human/mouse chimeric antibody"
"C225 antibody" "is" "therapeutic antibody"
"C225 antibody" "binds to" "EGF receptor extracellular domain"
"C225 antibody" "blocks binding of" "EGF ligand"
"C225 antibody" "inhibits growth of" "breast cancer cells"
"C225 antibody" "is similar to" "trastuzuma"
"C225 antibody" "is in" "clinical evaluation"
"C225 antibody" "cures" "clinical evaluation"
"C225 with doxorubicin" "appears to be" "especially effective"
"C225 with paclitaxel" "appears to be" "especially effective"
"cancer cells" "grow in proportion to" "[Raf mRNA]"
"cellular changes" "include" "DNA synthesis"
"cellular changes" "include" "lipid metabolism"
"cellular changes" "include" "cellular morphology"
"cellular changes" "include" "cell adhesion properties"
"cellular changes" "include" "gene expression"
"cellular transformation" "is required for" "breast cancer cells"
"CGP 41251" "inhibits" "PKC protein"
"CGP 41251" "derivative of" "staurosporine"
"CGP 41251" "inhibits" "P-glycoprotein transporter"
"CGP 41251" "binds" "plasma protein"
"CGP 41251" "are" "has reasonable toxicity"
"CP-358,774" "competitively inhibits binding of" "ATP"
"CP-358,774" "is currently in" "clinical trials"
"CP-358,774" "is a" "therapeutic agent"
"CP-358,774" "appears to treat" "non-small cell lung cancer"
"CP-358,774" "appears to have" "acceptable therapeutic index"
"CP-358,774" "has" "dermatogical toxicity"
"diacylglycero" "is a kind of" "membrane phospholipid"
"diacylglycero" "activates" "PKCalpha protein"
"E7.6.3" "is" "a fully human antibody"
"E7.6.3" "binds to" "EGF receptor extracellular domain"
"E7.6.3" "blocks binding of" "EGF ligand"
"E7.6.3" "inhibits growth of" "breast cancer cells"
"E7.6.3" "induces tumor reqression in" "mouse xenograft tumor assays"
"EGF protein" "binds to" "EGF receptor protein"
"EGF protein" "participates in" "EGF binding"
"EGF protein" "binding activates" "signaling pathways"
"EGF receptor" "has" "an extracellular domains"
"EGF receptor" "has ligand" "EGF"
"EGF receptor" "have a" "intracellular tyrosine kinase domain"
"EGF receptor" "is targeted for" "inhibitor development"
"EGF receptor" "is a" "growth factor receptor"
"farnesyl group" "is a" "essential lipid moiety"
"farnesyl group" "is located at" "C terminal end"
"Farnesyl-protein transferase inhibitors" "is a synonym for" "FTIs"
"FDA" "approved in 1998" "Herceptin"
"FTIs" "block" "cellular transformation"
"FTIs" "are not specific to" "Ras protein"
"FTIs" "inhibit localization of" "Ha-ras mutant protein"
"FTIs" "inhibit localization of" "Ki-ras mutant protein"
"FTIs" "inhibit localization of" "N-ras mutant protein"
"FTIs" "inhibit" "protein farnesylation"
"FTIs" "are a" "therapeutic agent"
"FTIs" "appear to be" "low toxicity"
"FTIs" "induce" "apoptosis"
"FTIs" "appear to act without" "overt systemic toxicity"
"FTIs" "activate" "caspase-3 protein"
"FTIs" "can prevent" "normal tissue growth"
"GAP protein" "is a synonym for" "GTPase-activating protein"
"Genentech" "developed" "Herceptin"
"Grb2 protein" "is a" "intracellular docking protein"
"Grb2 protein" "is part of" "Sos+Grb2"
"growth factor receptors" "are signaled by" "phospholipids"
"growth factor receptors" "are signaled by" "lipids"
"GTP" "[10 fold} more abundant than" "GDP"
"GTP" "binds to" "Ras protein"
"GTP" "binds by" "mass action"
"GTPase-activating protein" "suppresses function of" "Ras protein"
"GTPase-activating protein" "is a" "effector molecule"
"Ha-ras mutant gene" "codes for" "Ha-ras mutant protein"
"Ha-ras mutant protein" "triggers mitosis in" "bladder cancer cells"
"Ha-ras mutant protein" "triggers mitosis in" "head cancer cells"
"Ha-ras mutant protein" "triggers mitosis in" "neck cancer cells"
"HER-2 antibody" "is a" "therapeutic agent"
"HER-2 antibody" "is a" "monoclonal antibody"
"HER-2 antibody" "is a" "therapeutic antibodies"
"HER-2 oncogene" "was discovered in" "1985"
"HER-2 oncogene" "codes for" "HER-2 receptor"
"HER-2 receptor" "overexpression implies" "more severe disease"
"HER-2 receptor" "has" "an extracellular domains"
"HER-2 receptor" "is like a" "growth factor receptor"
"HER-2 receptor" "is like a" "EGF receptor"
"HER-2 receptor" "has no known" "ligand"
"HER-2 receptor" "heterodimerizes with" "EGF receptors"
"HER-2 receptor" "homodimerizes with" "HER-2 receptor"
"HER-2 receptor" "homodimerization constitutively activates" "tyrosine kinase"
"HER-2 receptor" "when internalized reduces" "activated tyrosine protein kinase"
"HER-2 receptor" "when degraded reduces" "activated tyrosine protein kinase"
"HER-2 receptor" "expression is upregulated in [25-30%] of" "breast cancer cells"
"HER-2/c-Neu" "is a synonym for" "HER-2 receptor"
"HER-2/c-neu oncogene" "is a synonym for" "HER-2 oncogene"
"Herceptin" "binds to" "HER-2 receptor"
"Herceptin" "inhibits growth of" "breast cancer cells"
"Herceptin" "inhibits" "by several mechanisms"
"Herceptin" "upregulates" "p27Kip inhibitor"
"Herceptin" " accelerates internalization of" "HER-2 receptor"
"Herceptin" " accelerates degradation of" "HER-2 receptor"
"Herceptin" "may induce" "immune-mediated effects"
"Herceptin" "may induce" "cell-mediated cytotoxicity"
"Herceptin" "may induce" "cell-mediated complement fixation"
"Herceptin" "is a" "biological agent"
"Herceptin + cisplatin" "appears to destroy" "breast cancer cells"
"Herceptin + doxorubicin" "appears to destroy" "breast cancer cells"
"Herceptin + doxorubicin" "is" "cardiotoxic"
"Herceptin + paclitaxel" "appears to destroy" "breast cancer cells"
"Herceptin therapy" "requires genotyping" "breast cancer cells"
"IGF protein" "binds to" "IGF receptor protein"
"IGF protein" "participates in" "IGF binding"
"IGF protein" "binding activates" "signaling pathways"
"IGF receptor" "is a" "growth factor receptor"
"IGF receptor" "is a" "drug target"
"IGF receptor" "is a" "tyrosine kinase"
"IGF receptor" "activates" "cell proliferation"
"IGF receptor" "is a" "antiapoptotic signal"
"IGF receptor" "when inhibited promotes" "apoptosis"
"intracellular docking protein" "forms a" "molecular scaffold"
"ISIS-2503" "is a" "short nucleotide"
"ISIS-2503" "downregulates expression of" "ras gene"
"ISIS-2503" "downregulates expression of" "Ha-ras mutant gene"
"ISIS-2503" "inhibits" "protein farnesylation"
"ISIS-2503" "inhibits growth of" "breast cancer cells"
"ISIS-2503" "is a" "therapeutic agent"
"ISIS-2503" "is administered by" "continuous IV"
"ISIS-2503" "has completed" "phase I evaluation"
"ISIS-2503" "was administered by" "continuous intravenous infusion"
"ISIS-3521" "inhibits" "PKCalpha protein"
"ISIS-3521" "derivative of" "staurosporine"
"ISIS-3521" "has side effect of" "fatigue"
"ISIS-3521" "has side effect of" "fever"
"ISIS-3521" "has side effect of" "low platelet count"
"ISIS-5132" "is a" "antisense oligonucleotide"
"ISIS-5132" "is directed against" "Raf protein"
"ISIS-5132" "is in" "phase II clinical development"
"ISIS-5132" "down regulates" "Raf mRNA"
"ISIS-5132" "downregulates" "Raf mRNA [42% at 48hours]"
"ISIS-5132" "downregulation persists" "[15 days]"
"ISIS-5132" "downregulation is not" "dose dependent"
"ISIS-5132" "stabilized" "[4] ovarian cancer patients for [10 months]"
"ISIS-5132" "stabilized" "[4] pancreatic cancer patients for [10 months]"
"ISIS-5132" "stabilized" "[4] renal cancer patients for [10 months]"
"ISIS-5132" "stabilized" "[4] colon cancer patients for [10 months]"
"kinase inhibitors" "potently inhibit" "PKC activity"
"kinase inhibitors" "are derivatives of" "staurosporine"
"kinase inhibitors" "are active in" "mouse tumor xenograft models"
"Ki-ras mutant gene" "codes for" "Ki-ras mutant protein"
"Ki-ras mutant protein" "triggers mitosis in" "lung cancer cells"
"Ki-ras mutant protein" "triggers mitosis in" "colon cancer cells"
"Ki-ras mutant protein" "triggers mitosis in" "pancreas cancer cells"
"Ki-ras mutant protein" "triggers mitosis in" "brain cancer cells"
"Ki-ras mutant protein" "triggers mitosis in" "leukemia cells"
"Ki-ras mutant protein" "triggers mitosis in" "lung cancer cells"
"L-778,123" "belongs to" "FTIs"
"L-779,450" "blocks signalling by" "Ki-Ras"
"L-779,450" "blocks signalling by" "Ha-Ras"
"L-779,450" "is a" "triarylimidazole derivative"
"ligand binding" "induces dimerization in" "growth factor receptors"
"lipid signaling" "in" "growth factor receptors"
"LY 294002" "inhibits" "PI protein"
"LY 294002" "inhibits" "lipid signaling"
"LY 294002" "does not induce" "apoptosis"
"LY 294002 + FTI" "induces" "apoptosis"
"MAP protein" "is a" "protein kinase"
"MAP protein" "belongs to" "MAP pathway"
"MAP protein" "refers to" "MAP kinase cascade"
"MEK protein" "is a synonym for" "MAP/Erk kinase"
"MEK protein" "is a" "kinase"
"MEK protein" "phosphorylates and activates" "MAP protein"
"monoclonal antibodies" "are" "therapeutic agent"
"monoclonal antibodies" "are" "therapeutic agent"
"monoclonal antibodies" "are" "therapeutic agent"
"mutations " "activate" "signaling pathways"
"Nck protein" "is a" "intracellular docking protein"
"neurofibromin" "suppresses function of" "Ras protein"
"N-ras mutant gene" "codes for" "N-ras mutant protein"
"oligonucleotide" "is a synonym for" "short nucleotide"
"p27Kip inhibitor" "is associated with" "cyclin-dependent kinase"
"p38 protein" "is a" "kinase inhibitor"
"p53 protein" "loss is associated with" "resistance to chemotherapy"
"PD-098059" "inhibits" "MEK protein"
"PD-168,393" "is" "highly potent"
"PD-168,393" "is" "selective"
"PD-168,393" "is" "irreversible"
"PD-168,393" "inhibits" "EGF receptor"
"PD-168,393" "inhibits" "tumor activity"
"PD-168,393" "binds to" "cysteine active site"
"PD-168,393" "binds near" "ATP binding site"
"PD-184352" "is made by" "Parke-Davis"
"PD-184352" "inhibits" "MEK protein"
"PD-184352" "is an allosteric inhibitor of" "MEK protein"
"PD-184352" "inhibits phosphorylation of" "MAP protein"
"PD-184352" "turns off" "MEK protein"
"PD-184352" "inhibits anchorage-independent growth of" "cancer cells"
"PD-184352" "inhibits" "anchorage-independent growth of several human tumor cell lines"
"PD-184352" "causes cells to adopt" "a flattened morphology"
"PDGF protein" "binds to" "PDGF receptor protein"
"PDGF protein" "participates in" "PDGF binding"
"PDGF protein" "binding activates" "signaling pathways"
"PDGF receptor protein" "is a" "growth factor receptor"
"P-glycoprotein transporter" "mediates" "multidrug tumor resistance"
"phospholipase C" "cleaves" "membrane phospholipids"
"phospholipase C" "cleaves" "membrane phospholipids"
"phosphorylated residues" "bind" "phospholipase C"
"phosphorylated residues" "are on the intracellular domain of" "growth factor receptors"
"PI protein" "is a synonym for" "phosphoinositide (PI) 3'-kinase"
"PI protein" "is a" "protein kinase"
"PI protein" "is a" "effector molecule"
"PI protein" "activates" "lipid pathways"
"PI protein" "when activated is" "PI protein active"
"PI protein" "when inactivated inactivates" "Akt protein active"
"PI protein" "when inactivated activates" "apoptosis"
"PI protein active" "is a form of" "PI protein"
"PI protein active" "activates" "Akt protein"
"PKC protein" "is a synonym for" "protein kinase C"
"PKCalpha protein" "is overexpressed in" "some human breast tumors"
"PKCalpha protein" "is a form of" "protein kinase C"
"PKCalpha protein" "causes growth in" "breast cancer cells"
"PKCalpha protein" "is elevated in" "breast cancer cells"
"plasma protein" "blunts" "anti-tumor activity"
"R115777" "belongs to" "FTIs"
"R115777" "is dose-limited by" "bone marrow toxicity"
"R115777" "is dose-limited by" "GI tract toxicity"
"radiotherapy" "is a" "therapeutic agent"
"Raf protein" "is a" "protein kinase"
"Raf protein" "is a" "effector molecule"
"Raf protein" "activates" "MAP kinase cascade"
"Raf protein" "is a" "kinase"
"Raf protein" "binds to" "Ras-GTP"
"Raf protein" "phosphorylates and activates" "MEK protein"
"Ral-GDS" "is a" "effector molecule"
"Ral-GDS" "is a synonym for" "Ral-guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator"
"Ral-GDS" "activates" "lipid pathways"
"Ral-guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator" "is a synonym for" "Ral-GDS"
"ras gene" "codes for" "Ras protein"
"ras gene" "can mutate to form" "Ki-ras"
"ras gene" "can mutate to form" "N-ras"
"ras gene" "can mutate to form" "Ha-ras"
"Ras localization" "is blocked at" "the plasma membrane"
"Ras localization" "is required for" "signal transduction"
"Ras localization" "is required for" "cellular transformation"
"Ras protein" "is a" "the GTP-binding switch"
"Ras protein" "is a" "a molecular switch"
"Ras protein" "is located in" "plasma membrane"
"Ras protein" "is part of" "Ras+GDP"
"Ras protein" "is part of" "Ras+GTP"
"Ras protein" "is linked to" "Rho/Rac pathway"
"Ras protein" "is linked by" "GTPase-activating protein"
"Ras protein" "triggers mitosis in" "breast cancer cells"
"Ras protein" "triggers mitosis in" "breast cancer cells"
"Ras protein" "carries" "essential lipid moiety"
"Ras protein" "when NOT farnesylated cannot localize to" "cell membrane"
"Ras protein" "is" "transformation defective"
"Ras protein" "when activated" "triggers phosphorylation"
"Ras protein" "mediates transformation of" "cancer cells"
"Ras+GDP" "is" "inactive state"
"Ras+GDP" "is caused by" "GTPase-activating protein"
"Ras+GDP" "is caused by" "neurofibromin"
"Ras+GTP" "is" "active state"
"Ras+GTP" "conforms to" "effector molecules"
"Ras+GTP" "activates" "PI protein"
"receptor subunit dimerization" "promotes" "autophosphorylation"
"receptor subunit dimerization" "recruits to the plasma membrane" "Grb2 protein"
"receptor subunit dimerization" "recruits to the plasma membrane" "Shc protein"
"receptor subunit dimerization" "recruits to the plasma membrane" "Nck protein"
"growth factor receptors" "have" "extracellular domains"
"growth factor receptors" "have" "transmembrane domains"
"growth factor receptors" "have" "intracellular domains"
"SB 203590" "is a" "p38 protein inhibitor"
"SB 203590" "is a weak inhibitor of" "Raf protein"
"SCH66336" "belongs to" "FTIs"
"Shc protein" "is a" "intracellular docking protein"
"short nucleotide" "inhibit" "target proteins"
"Signal dysregulation" "occurs in" "breast cancer cells"
"Signal dysregulation" "lead to" "cellular changes"
"signal transduction" "is studied" "signal transduction"
"signaling pathways" "drive" "cell proliferation"
"signaling pathways" "are associated with" "tumor malignancy"
"signaling pathways" "include" "Sis protein"
"signaling pathways" "include" "Src protein"
"signaling pathways" "include" "HER-2 receptor"
"signaling pathways" "include" "Ras protein"
"signaling pathways" "transmit" "signals"
"signals" "emmanate from" "molecular scaffold"
"Sis protein" "is like" "PDGF protein"
"Sis protein" "is a" "ligand"
"Sos protein" "binds to" "Grb2 protein"
"Sos protein" "is a" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor"
"Sos protein" "is part of" "Sos+Grb2"
"Sos protein" "is recruited to" "the membrane"
"Sos protein" "binds" "Ras+GDP"
"Sos protein" "facilitates release of" "GDP"
"Sos+Grb2" "interacts with" "Ras protein"
"Src protein" "is a" "tyrosine kinase"
"Stem cell growth factors" "are" "therapeutic agent"
"Study of signaling" "yields" "therapeutic agent"
"SU-101" "is a" "therapeutic agent"
"SU-101" "inhibits kinase activity of" "PDGF receptor"
"SU-101" "is currently in" "phase II development"
"SU-101" "is currently in" "phase II development for treating glioblastomas"
"SU-101" "appears to treat" "glioblastoma"
"SU-101" "is" "an inhibitor of PDGF receptor kinase activity"
"TGFalpha" "binds to" "TGFalpha receptor protein"
"TGFalpha protein" "participates in" "TGFalpha binding"
"TGFalpha protein" "binding activates" "signaling pathways"
"TGFalpha receptor protein" "is a" "growth factor receptor"
"therapeutic agent" "treats" "cancer"
"therapeutic antibodies" "have been developed against" "EGF receptor"
"Transferase reaction" "is essential to function of" "Ras protein"
"Transferase reaction" "is essential to function of" "[20] other farnesylated proteins"
"U0126" "is made by" "Parke-Davis"
"U0126" "inhibits" "MEK protein"
"U0126" "is an allosteric inhibitor of" "MEK protein"
"U0126" "inhibits phosphorylation of" "MAP protein"
"U0126" "blocks" "MAP kinase phosphorylation in cells"
"UCN-01" "inhibits" "PKC protein"
"UCN-01" "derivative of" "staurosporine"
"UCN-01" "binds" "plasma protein"
"UCN-01 toxicities" "are" "not remarkable"
"Unremarkable toxcities" "may be related to" "high binding capacity"
"ZD-1839" "competitively inhibits binding of" "ATP"
"ZD-1839" "is currently in" "clinical trials"
"ZD-1839" "has" "safety concerns"
"ZD-1839" "is a" "therapeutic agent"
"ZD-1839" "appears to treat" "non-small cell lung cancer"
"ZD-1839" "appears to have" "acceptable therapeutic index"
"ZD-1839" "has" "dermatogical toxicity"
"ZM 336372" "is a" "Raf protein inhibitor"
"ZM 336372" "is a weak inhibitor of" "Raf protein"
"ZM 336372" "does not inhibit" "Ras protein"
"ZM 336372" "does not inhibit" "Raf-mediated cellular transformation"
"L-779,450" "inhibits" "Raf protein"
"HER-2 receptor" "is overexpressed in" "breast cancer cells"